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1、高中英语语法解析-名词性从句在句子中起名词作用的句子叫名词性从句(Noun Clauses）。名词性从句的功能相当于名词词组, 它在复合句中能担任主语、宾语、表语、同位语、介词宾语等，因此根据它在句中不同的语法功能，名词从句又可分别称为主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句。 一 主语从句主语从句是在复合句中充当主语的从句，通常放在主句谓语动词之前或由形式主语it代替，而本身放在句子末尾。引导主语从句的连词有：that, whether, who, whom, what, whatever, whose1.常规主语从句，既复合句在句中充当一个主语，那么这个句子就是主语从句(1)That he
2、 finished writing the composition in such a short time surprised us all.(2)Whether we will go for an outing tomorrow remains unknown.(3)Who will be our monitor hasnt been decided yet.(4)Whom we must study for is a question of great importance.(5)What caused the accident remains is unknown.(6)What we
3、 need is time.(7)Whose watch was lost is unknown.(8)Whatever you did is right.注：连词位于句首不能省略2. It 作形式主语和it引导强调句的比较（为了防止句子头重脚轻，通常把形式主语it放在主语位置，真正主语搁置于句末）It 作形式主语代替主语从句，主要是为了平衡句子结构，主语从句的连接词没有变化。而it引导的强调句则是对句子某一部分进行强调，无论强调的是什么成分，都可用连词that。被强调部分指人时也可用who/whom。例如： a) It is a pity that you didnt go to see t
4、he film. 你不去看那场电影真可惜。 b) It doesnt interest me whether you succeed or not.我对你成功与否不感兴趣。 c) It is in the morning that the murder took place.谋杀案是在早上发生的。（强调句型） d) It is John that broke the window.是John打碎的窗户。（强调句型）3. 用it 作形式主语的结构(1) It is 名词 从句 It is a fact that 事实是 It is an honor that 非常荣幸 It is common
5、knowledge that 是常识(2) It is 形容词 从句 It is natural that 很自然 It is strange that 奇怪的是(3) It is 不及物动词 从句 It seems that 似乎 It happened that 碰巧 It appears that 似乎(4) It 过去分词 从句 It is reported that 据报道 It has been proved that 已证实 It is said that 据说3. 主语从句不可位于句首的五种情况：（1）if 引导的主语从句不可居于复合句句首。（2）It is said /rep
6、orted结构中的主语从句不可提前。例如： 正确表达：It is said that President Jiang will visit our school next week. 错误表达：That President Jiang will visit our school next week is said. （3）It happens/occurs结构中的主语从句不可提前。例如： 正确表达：It occurred to him that he failed in the examination. 错误表达：That he failed in the examination occurr
7、ed to him.（4）It doesnt matter how/whether 结构中的主语从句不可提前。例如： 正确表达：It doesnt matter whether he is wrong or not. 错误表达：Whether he is wrong or not doesnt matter.（5）含主语从句的复合句是疑问句时，主语从句不可提前。例如： 正确表达：Is it likely that it will rain in the evening? 错误表达：Is that will rain in the evening likely?4. what 与that 在引导
8、主语从句时的区别 what 引导主语从句时在句时在从句中充当句子成分，如主语宾语表语，而that 则不然。例如： a) What you said yesterday is right. b) That she is still alive is a consolation 二宾语从句宾语从句就是在复合句中作宾语的名词性从句，通常放在主句谓语动词 (及物动词) 或介词之后。(1) 由that引导的宾语从句(that 通常可以省略), 例如： I heard that he joined the army. 我听说他参军了。注： that在引导宾语从句时也并不是任何情况下都可以省略。在以下情况下
9、，that不能省略:that从句位于句首时，that不可省略:That he ever said such a thing I simply dont believe. 我简直不相信他曾说过这样的话。that宾语从句的状语部分位于从句前部时。I promised that if anyone could set me free,I would make him king over the earth.我曾许诺如果有人把我放了，我就让他成为全世界的国王。当主句的状语部分位于that宾语从句前时。Abraham Lincoln later said himself that he only wen
10、t to school a little now and a little then.亚伯拉罕林肯自己后来说他只不过是时断时续地接受教育。that引导的宾语从句作介词宾语时，that不能省略:I know nothing about him except that he is from the south.对他我一无所知，只知道他是南方人。主句的谓语动词与宾语从句之间有插入语时。When he got to England,he found,however,that his English was too limited.然而当他到英国时，他发现他的英语很有限。当一个谓语动词带两个或两个以上的
11、that引导的宾语从句时。(只有第一个可省略）Then he said （that） French was the most beautiful tongue in the world,and that we must keep it among us and never forget it.他说，法语是世界上最美的语言，我们必须坚持说法语，永远也不要忘记它。宾语从句是双宾语中的直接宾语时。I must never tell anyone that I could not see the cloth.我决不能告诉任何人我看不到那布。宾语从句的主语是this/that，或用this/that修饰
12、主语时。He said that that was a good idea.他说那是个好主意。在直接引语中，主句和宾语从句被隔开时。“I;m sorry to tell you,”he said,“that you didn;t watch carefully enough what I did.”我很遗憾的告诉大家，你们没有仔细观察我所做的一切。宾语从句的主语是非谓语动词或主语从句时。The old lady then explained that what she was looking for was a pair of gloves for a girl.那位老太太解释说她在为一个女孩
13、找一双手套。(2)从属连词if/whether。连词whether可引导主语从句、宾语从句和表语从句，不可省。if引导宾语从句。宾语从句是肯定句时，whether,if可互换；但whether常和or not连用，if一般不与or not连用,宾语从句是否定句时，一般用if引导。如:I don;t know if/whether I should tell you.不知我是否应告诉你。I wonder whether it is true or not.不知这是不是真的。I don;t care if it doesn;t rain.天下不下雨我不会在乎。用if引导宾语从句如果会引起歧义，应避
14、免使用if而用wheter。试比较：Please let me know if you want to go.Please let me know whether you want to go.if从句可理解为宾语从句，意为“请告诉我你是否想去”；此句又可理解为条件状语从句意为“如果你想去的话，请告诉我一声”。作介词宾语时，只能用whether,不能用if。(介词常可省略）如：Everything depends （on） whether we have enough experience.一切都取决于我们是否有足够的经验。(3)连接代词who, whom, whose, what, which, whoever, whatever, whichever连接副词 where, when, how, why。如:Who or what he was, Martin never learned.
