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1、 时态与语态一 一般现在时，表示现在经常性、习惯性的动作和状态，常见的时间状语包括sometimes, often, usually, always，occasionally, now and then,on weekends,on Sundays,every week/month/year等She always takes a walk in the evening. He often does his homework in his study.1. 一般现在时表示客观真理、科学事实及自然现象和谚语格言中，此用法即使出现在过去语境中，也用一般现在时。The moon goes around
2、 the earth.Pride goes before a fall.骄者必败He said the earth is round. 2.主句是一般将来时,由when，after, before, as soon as, the minute,whenever等引导的时间状语和由if, unless, so long as, once等引导的条件状语和however,even if等引导的让步状语从句中一般用一般现在时表示将来。如：lll go there after I finish my work. If it rains tomorrow,I wont go there. I will
3、 tell her when she comes tomorrow. Even if it rains tomorrow, the sports meeting will take place.3.在以here,there开头的句子里，go,come等少数动词的一般在时表示正在发生的动 作。例如：There goes the bell.铃响了。There comes the bus.汽车来了。Here she comes.她来了。4. But for the fact that从句中，that 从句的谓语动词时态要根据句子谓语所表示的时间而定。 But for the fact that he
4、 is busy now, he would be here. But for the fact that you were ill, I would have had you print the papers. 二、一般过去时 表示过去的经常性、习惯性的动作或状态或者某个人过去的经历，与现在无关，常用的 时间状语有yesterday， the day before yesterday, an hour ago, the other day, last month/year, just now, in 1982, in the old days, in the past, when I was
5、 young, when I was in London,when I was a child等I received two letters last week.The Olympic Games were held in Beijing in 2008.When I was in Beijing, I often went to Beijing university. 1.表示某人过去的经历 1) - Have you graduated from the university? - Yes, I learned English for 4 years in the university.
6、2) - Have you finished your homework ? - Yes, I _(finish) it within hald an hour. 3) I _(be) in London for 10 years, but I have never regretted returning to China. 2. intend, wonder, think, realize等用过去时，表示说话人原来没有料到，打算，想到等 I thought you were a student. I didnt think /realize you failed again. I didnt
7、 intend to hurt you. 3. used to do sth/ would do sth 过去常常做某事 We used to spend our vacation in the mountains 4.句型 1）.It is (high) time sb did sth/ It is time that sb should do sth.某人该干某事了。 It is time you went to bed. 2) .Would rather sb did sth 宁愿某人做某事，用于对现在和将来时间的虚拟。 I would rather you came tomorrow/
8、now. 3). Would/ should/ ought to/ could/ might/ neednt/ would like to have done sth, but句型中，but 后面的谓语动词需用一般过去时或过去进行时。a. He should have turned up but he had an unexpected visitor. b. - Did you attend the party?- I would have(attended the party) but I was busy. = I was busy otherwise/or I would have a
9、ttended the party. = I had planned to attend the party but I was busy. = I was going to attend the party, but I was busy. 4). Would you mind if sb did sth? 如果干某事， 你介意吗？ Would you mind if I opened the door?三一般将来时/过去将来时 一般将来时表示将来要发生的动作和存在的状况。常见的时间状语有next, tomorrow, the day after tomorrow, in+时间段，befor
10、e+ 时间点，in the future等.1. will/shall do sth 1） 表示事物的固有属性或者必然的趋势； Fish will die without water.2) will 表示将来，有时含偶然性和临时性决定的意思。 - Do you know Mr. Smith has come to our town? - No, I will go and visit him right now. 2. be going to do sth 1） 表示事先考虑过，计划打算做某事，注意区分一下will 表示临时性决定的用法。He is going to speak on Tv t
11、his evening.2） 表示根据现在的迹象对未来进行推断。Look at the dark clouds. It is going to rain. 注意：was going to 表示过去本打算做某事，但未做 -Tom, you didnt come to the party last night? - I was going to, but I suddenly remembered I had homework to do. 3. be doing sth 有些动词如come, go, arrive,leave,begin, start, return等，其现在进行时表示按计划、安
12、排近期将要发生的动作。Im leaving for Beijing next month. 4. be about to do sth/ be on the point of doing sth (when) “即将干某事(这是突然)”该结构不与具体的时间状语连用，但可以和并列连词when连用。The train is about to start.The plan is on the point of taking off. 5. 某些动词的一般现在时可以表示计划、安排将要做的事情，此种用法常常用于火车时刻、飞机时刻、电影开演、作息安排等时刻表上。 We must hurry up. The first class begins at 8 oclock. The train leaves at 5 and arrives at 8.6. be to do sth 1).表示按计划或安排要做的事She is to g
