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1、被动语态语法知识点精讲:一、不用被动语态的情况(1 不及物动词或动词短语无被动语态:appear, die disappear, end (vi. 结束 , fail, happen, last, lie, remain, sit, spread, standbreak out, come true, fall asleep, keep silence, lose heart, take place.After the fire, very little remained of my house.比较:rise, fall, happen是不及物动词; raise, seat是及物动词。(错
2、The price has been risen. (对 The price has risen.(错 The accident was happened last week.(对 The accident happened last week. (2 不能用于被动语态的及物动词或动词短语:fit, have, hold, marry, own, wish, cost, notice, watch agree with, arrive at / in, shake hands with, succeed in, suffer from, happen to, take part in, wal
3、k into, belong toThis key just fits the lock.Your story agrees with what had already been heard.(3 系动词无被动语态:appear, be become, fall, feel, get, grow, keep, look, remain, seem, smell, sound, stay, taste, turn It sounds good.(4 带同源宾语的及物动词,反身代词,相互代词,不能用于被动语态:die, death, dream, live, lifeShe dreamed a b
4、ad dream last night.(5 当宾语是不定式时,很少用于被动语态。(对 She likes to swim. (错 To swim is liked by her.二、主动形式表示被动意义(1wash, clean, cook, iron, look, cut, sell, read, wear, feel, draw, write, sell, driveThe book sells well.这本书销路好。 This knife cuts easily.这刀子很好用。 (2blame, let(出租 , remain, keep, rent, buildI was to b
5、lame for the accident. Much work remains.(3 在 need, require, want, worth (形容词 , deserve后的动名词必须用主动形式。The door needs repairing.= The door needs to be repaired.This room needs cleaning. 这房间应该打扫一下。This book is worth reading.这本书值得一读。(4 特殊结构:make sb. heard / understood (使别人能听见 /理解自己 , have sth. done ( 要某
6、人做某事 。三、被动形式表示主动意义be determined, be pleased, be graduated (from, be finished, be prepared (for, be occupied (in, get marriesHe is graduated from a famous university. 他毕业于一所有名的大学。注意:表示同某人结婚,用 marry sb. 或 get married to sb. 都可。He married a rich girl. He got married to a rich girl.四、 need/want/require/
7、worth注意:当 need, want, require, worth(形容词 后面接 doing 也可以表示被动。Your hair wants cutting.你的头发该理了。 The floor requires washing. 地板需要冲洗。 The book is worth reading.这本书值得一读。育才初中 8B 语法之被动语态讲解一、 主动语态与被动语态的概念:英语动词的语态有两种:主动语态:表示 主语是动作的执行者被动语态:表示 主语是动作的承受者 (常常没在有必要指出动作的执行者情况下使用 例:They speak English. (主动语态主 谓 宾(被动语态
8、主 谓 介词短语注:及物动词有被动语态,不及物动词必须带有介词才可以有被动语态。例: We listen tothe teacher carefully in class.主 谓 宾 The teacher is listened toby us carefully in class.主 谓 介词短语二、 被动语态的结构与用法:结构:be +done (过去分词 被动语态中的 be 为助动词 ,无意义。 be 可能是 am , is , are也可能是 was ,were或原形 be 。 注: 被动语态的时态是由 be 的时态决定的, be 是什么时态,全句就是什么时态, be 后 面的过去分
9、词不变。用法:例:H istory is made by the people. (一般现在时 T he cars were made in Tianjing in 1995. (一般过去时 The tree will be cut down next year.(一般将来时 T he room must be kept clean.(含有情态动词的被动语态 The door is being opened.(现在进行时 The film has been seen by me.(现在完成时注:我们初中主要掌握前面四种的用法时 态 动词的被动形式 例 句一般现在时 is doneHe is a
10、sked to do this.一般过去时 was doneThe story was told by her mother.一般将来时 will be doneThe problem will be discussed tomorrow.现在进行时 is being doneThe novel is being written.过去进行时 was being doneAt that time the desk was being made.现在完成时 has been doneThe house has been built.过去完成时 had been doneThey said that
11、 their work had been finished.过去将来时 would be doneHe said the trees would be planted soon.三、 被动语态的各种句型:1、 T he song is liked by young people. (肯定句 2、 T he song isn t liked by young people(否定句3、 Is the song liked by young people ?(一般疑问句4、 Who is the song liked by ?=By whom is the song liked?(特殊疑问句四、 主
12、动语态改被动语态的方法:方法分为三步:把原句中的 宾语改成主语动词改为变动形式 be done(同时注意时态 原来的主语如果需要的话放在介词 by 后面,以指明做事的人或物,如果没有必要则省去例:The man killed a tiger. A tiger was killed by the man .(改的过程中要注意时态和语态两个方面 五、 特殊句型的被动语态: 含有 使役动词(make /let /have 或感官动词(hear ,see, listen to ,look at ,find ,watch,feel等 的句子,在主动语态中这些词后 常跟不带 to 的动词不定式 ,但是在
13、改成被动语态时 , 则 一定要把省去的 to 再加上去 , 另外 help 这一个词在主动语态中后面的动词不定式可以带 to, 也可不带 to, 但在 被动语态 中也 必须把 to 加上去 。例: Mother often makes me do some housework. I am often made to do some housework by mother. We saw him run into the classroom. He was seen to run into the classroom by us. teach ,give ,pass ,show ,buy, te
14、ll 等动词常常 带有两个宾语 (双宾语:直接宾语和间接宾 语 ,改为被动语态时,两个宾语可以选其中任一个作主语。 如果直接宾语被提前作主语, 那么间接宾语(一般是人前要加相应的介词 to/for。例:S he gave me a pen.= She gave a pen to me. I was given a pen by her. A pen was given to me by her. My father bought me a new bike.= My father bought a new bike for me. I was bought a new bike by my f
15、ather. A new bike was bought for me by my father. 由不及物动词 (vi +介词 /副词+宾语的句子改成被动语态时, 介词或副词不能丢掉。 (前 面已举过两例例:W e should speak to old people politely. Old people should be spoken to politely ( by us. He took away the box. The box was taken away by him. 含有宾语补足语的句子改为变动语态。 (宾补放在原来位置不变 例: We call him Xiao Ma.主 谓 宾 宾补H e is called Xiao Maby us. He found the book very interesting. The book was found very interesting by him.六、被动语态的用法(1不知道或没有必要说明动作的执行者是谁。例如:Some new computers were stolen last night.一些新电脑在昨晚被盗了。 (不知道电脑是谁偷的 This book was publis
