《浅谈过去分词作句中状语》由会员分享，可在线阅读，更多相关《浅谈过去分词作句中状语（4页珍藏版）》请在金锄头文库上搜索。
1、浅谈过去分词作句中状语 枣阳 王锋 朱艳琴动词原词形在词尾加上-ed，我们称之为动词过去分词。动词过去分词具有形容词或副词的特征，可有自己的状语和逻辑主语。过去分词在句中可以作定语，表语，补语和状语等成分，本文将着眼于过去分词作状语时需要注意的事项。一 过去分词的句法功能非谓语动词中的过去分词作状语通常表示被动的和完成的动作。过去分词作状语修饰谓语动词进一步说明谓语动词的动作和状态，即动作发生时的背景或状况，过去分词的逻辑主语通常就是句子的主语，并且句子主语是过去分词动作的承受者，过去分词与逻辑主语之间为被动关系。过去分词在句中可作时间状语，原因状语，让步状语，结果状语，方式状语和条件状语等。
2、过去分词作时间状语，原因状语和条件状语通常放在句首;作伴随状语，结果状语时通常放在句末;作方式状语时一般放在句末有时也在句首;作让步状语一般在句首。过去分词作状语不管放在句首或句末,一般是用逗号将其与主句隔开。1. 作时间状语，通常在句首，但有时句末，有时置于主语和谓语之间。Eg. Asked about his family, the young man made no answer. The young man made no answer, asked about his family. The young man, asked about his family, made no ans
3、wer.问到他的家庭，这个年轻人没有回答。2. 作原因状语，一般置于句首，偶尔置于句末。Having lived abroad for years, I am long to return.由于在国外居住几年，我渴望回国。The child learns fast, well brought up by his parents.由于受到父母的良好教育，这个小孩学得很快。3. 作条件状语，常位于句首。United, we stand; divided, we fail.团结就是胜利， 分裂必然失败。4. 作随或方式状作伴语，可位于句首，句中或句末。The hunter walked slowly
4、 in the forest, followed by his wolf dog.猎人在森林中慢慢地走，后面跟着他的狼狗。Dressed in red, the girl appeared.穿着红衣服，这个女孩出现了5 .作让步状语，通常放在句首。Although wounded all over , the brave soldiers continued to fight.虽然全身受伤，这个勇敢的士兵继续战斗。二 部分形容词化的过去分词。有些过去分词已经形容词化并且因来源于系表结构，此时这些过去分词既不表示被动也不表示完成，而是表示一种状态。这样的过去分词及过去分词短语常见的有：lost（
5、迷路），seated（坐），hidden（躲），stationed（驻扎），lost/absorbed in（沉溺于），born（出身于），dressed in（穿着）,tired of(感到厌倦)等，作状语时，通常不用其-ing形式。Eg.Lost in the mountain for a week ,we were finally saved by the local police.在大山里迷失了一个星期，我们最终被当地警察所救。Tired of the speech, he left without saying a word.厌倦了这个演讲，他一句话没说就离开了。Absorbed i
6、n his book, he did not notice me enter the room.专心读书，他没注意到我进入房间。三 过去分词作状语与现在分词作状语的区别。过去分词作状语时，句子的主语是过去分词所表示动作的承受者，它们之间的关系是被动关系，现在分词作状语时，句子的主语是现在分词所表示动作的执行者，它们之间的关系是主动关系。现在分词动作与谓语同时发生时用一般式doing, 如果现在分词的动作发生在谓语动词之前，表示已完成动作，表示主动就用having done, 表示被动则用having been done。Eg. Walking along the street ,I met a
7、 friend of mine.沿着大街向前走时，我遇到我的一个朋友。 Having finished their work, they had a rest.完成工作后，他们就休息了。Given more attention, the trees could have grown better.如果对这些树多关心些，它们就会长得更好了。Seen in the distance, the city looks more attractive.从远处看，这个城市更加迷人。Seeing in the distance, we find the city more attractive.从远处看，我
8、们发现这个城市更加迷人。四 连词+过去分词 过去分词时间状语，条件状语或让步状语时，为了明确其意义有时可在分词前加上when, while , until, once, if ,though, unless, although等连词，这相当于状语从句的省略。Eg. When asked about his family, he made no answer.当问及家庭的时候，他没有回答。Unless invited, I will not attend the party.除非受到邀请，否则我将不参加聚会。Once (it is )seen, it will not be forgotten.
9、只要看见就不会忘记。Though tired, I went on with the work.虽然累了，但我仍然继续工作。但before, after 后一般不与过去分词连用，因为这两个词还可作介词，后接 being done的形式。Eg.Before being called, remain where you are. 在点名前，带着原地不动。五 过去分词作状语与状语从句的转换。1. 过去分词作时间状语时，可转换为when, while或after等引导的时间状语从句。 Eg. Completed, the library will be open to the public next
10、year.=When it is completed, the library will be open to the public.图书馆修建完工后，将于明年向公众开放。2. 过去分词作原因状语时，可转换为as, since或because等引导的原因状语从句。Encouraged by the progress he has made, he works harder. =As he is encouraged by the progress he has made, he works harder.由于受到所取得的成绩的鼓舞，他工作更加努力了。3. 过去分词作条件状语时，可转换为if,
11、once或unless等引导的条件状语从句。 United, we will stand; divided, we will fail. = If we are united we will stand; if we are divided, we will fail.团结就是胜利，分裂必然失败。4，过去分词作伴随状语时，一般转换为并列句。Mr. Li came in , followed by his wife. = Mr. Li came in and he was followed by his wife.李老师走进来，后面跟着他的妻子。5.过去分词作让步状语时，一般转换为althoug
12、h, though或even if等引导的让步状语从句。Exhausted by the climb, we continued our journey. =Although we were exhausted by the climb, we continued our journey.我们虽然爬得很累，但我们仍然继续我们的旅程。6.过去分词作方式状语时，如有连词as if就转换为as if引导的方式状语从句：若无连词，则转换为并列句。The little girl began to cry as if bitten by a snake. =The little girl began to
13、 cry as if she was bitten by a snake.小女孩大叫起来，好像被蛇咬了。 练习题：一选择题。1._twice, the postman refused to deliver our letters unless we chained our dog.A. Being bitten B. Bitten C. Having bitten D. To be bitten2._accoring to the directions, this kind of medicine has no effect.A, When taken B. When to take C. W
14、hen taking D. Taking3 .Our friendship is nothing _with yours.A .to compare B. comparing C. compared D. being compared4. It is rather difficult to make friends with him , but his friends ,_is more true than others.A. after gaining B. when to gain C. while gaining D. once gained.5. No matter how many
15、times _, this novel still attracts me.A. read B. reading C. to be read D. being read6. No one can walk the wire in the air without a bit of fear unless _very young.A. having trained B. to be trained C. trained D. being trained7._of stealing money from the bank, he was questioned by the police.A. Accusing B. Having accused C. To accuse D. Accused 8._by his grandparents mad
