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1、生理学专业英语词汇第一章 绪 论 【专业英语词汇】生理学physiology内环境internal environment神经调节nervous regulation体液调节humoral regulation旁分泌paracrine自身调节autoregulation正反馈positive feedback组织液interstitial fluid稳态homeostasis反射弧reflex arc激素hormone神经分泌neurosecretion, neurocrine负反馈negative feedback前馈feed-forward 第二章 细胞的基本功能【专业英语词汇】单纯扩散s
2、imple diffusion失活inactivation钠-钾泵sodium-potassium pump入胞endocytosis易化扩散facilitated diffusion主动转运active transport出胞exocytosis化学门控通道chemically gated channel跨膜信号转导transmembrane signal transduction电压门控通道voltage-gated channel促离子型受体ionotrpic receptor鸟苷酸结合蛋白, G-蛋白guanine uncleotide-binding protein, G-prote
3、in环一磷酸腺苷cycle adenosine monophosphate, cAMP第二信使second messenger三磷酸肌醇inositol triphosphate, IP3G-蛋白耦联受体G-protein coupled receptor酪氨酸激酶受体tyrosine kinase receptor兴奋性excitability刺激stimulus阈值threshold动作电位action potential超极化hyperpolarization复极化repolarization锋电位spike potential膜片钳patch clamp相对不应期relative re
4、fractory period局部兴奋local excitation时间性总和temporal summation跳跃式传导saltatory conduction终板电位end-plate potential胆碱酯酶cholinesterase滑行理论sliding theory等长收缩isometric contraction完全强直收缩complete tetanus后负荷afterload长度-张力曲线length-tension curve磷脂酶Cphospholipase C二酰甘油diacylglycerol, DG促代谢型受体metabotropic receptor一氧化氮
5、nitric oxide, NO兴奋excitation阈强度 threshold intensity静息电位resting potential极化polarization去极化(除极化)depolarization超射overshoot (potential)“全或无”现象“all or none” phenomenon绝对不应期 absolute refractory period阈电位 threshold (membrane) potential电紧张性扩布electrotonic propagation空间性总和 spatial summation量子式释放 quantal relea
6、se乙酰胆碱acetylcholine, ACh兴奋-收缩耦联excitation-contraction coupling等张收缩isotonic contraction单收缩 single twitch前负荷 preload初长度 initial length(肌肉)收缩能力contractility (of muscle)张力-速度(关系)曲线 force velocity (relation) curve钙调蛋白 calmodulin, CaM 第三章 血 液【专业英语词汇】血浆plasma粘滞性viscosity胶体渗透压colloid osmotic pressure造血微环境he
7、mopoietic microenvironment血细胞比容hematocrit晶体渗透压crystal osmotic pressure渗透脆性osmotic fragility悬浮稳定性suspension stability红细胞沉降率erythrocyte sedimentation rate, ESR集落刺激因子colony stimulating factor, CSF内因子intrinsic factor促红细胞生成素erythropoietin, EPO血小板粘附thrombocyte adhesion血栓烷A2(血栓素A2) thromboxane A2, TXA2血液凝固
8、blood coagulation凝血因子blood clotting factor外源性凝血extrinsic coagulation纤维蛋白溶解系统fibrinolytic system爆式促进因子burst promoting actvator, BPA肝素heparin生理性止血physiological hemostasis血小板聚集thrombocyte aggregation前列环素prostacyclin, PGI2血清serum内源性凝血intrinsic coagulation凝血酶thrombin纤溶酶原 plasminogen组织因子途径抑制物 tissue facto
9、r pathway inhibitor, TFPI纤溶酶(血浆素) plasmin(红细胞)凝集 agglutination凝集素 agglutinin交叉配血试验 cross-match test血型blood group凝集原agglutinogen人白细胞抗原human leukocyte antigen, HLA成分输血transfusion of blood components 第四章 血液循环【专业英语词汇】心动周期cardiac cycle心室舒张期 ventricular diastole快速射血期 rapid ejection period心音cardiac sound每搏
10、输出量(搏出量)stroke volume output心输出量cardiac output心房收缩期atrial systole等容收缩期isovolumic systole减慢充盈期reduced filling period心音图phonocardiogram射血分数ejection fraction心指数cardiac index心脏作功(量)myocardial work心力储备cardiac reserve传导性conductivity有效不应期effective refractory period代偿间歇compensatory pause起搏点pacemaker异位心律ecto
11、pic rhythm超速驱动压抑overdrive suppression心电图electrocardiogram, ECG阻力血管resistant vessel容量血管capacitance vessel血流量blood flow血流速度velocity of blood flow顺应性compliance收缩压systolic pressure脉搏压(脉压)pulse pressure中心静脉压central venous pressure微循环microcirculation直捷通路thoroughfare channel迂回通路circuitous channel重吸收reabsor
12、ption缩血管神经纤维vasoconstrictor fiber心血管中枢cardiovascular center压力感受器baroreceptor心肺感受器cardiopulmonary receptor化学感受器chemoreceptor脑内渗透压感受器brain osmoreceptor心室功能曲线ventricular function curve自动节律性(自律性)autorhythmicity平台(期)plateau期前收缩premature systole起搏离子流 pacemaker current窦性心律(normal) sinus rhythm抢先占领capture,
13、preoccupation房-室延搁atrioventricular delay弹性储器血管windkessel vessel毛细血管前阻力血管precapillary resistant vessel短路血管shunt vessel血压blood pressure外周阻力peripheral resistance舒张压 diastolic pressure动脉脉搏arterial pulse静脉回心血量venous return毛细血管前括约肌precapillary sphincter动-静脉短路arteriovenous shunt滤过filtration有效滤过压effctive filtration pressure, EFP舒血管神经纤维 vasodilator fiber压力感受性反射 baroreceptor reflex缓冲神经buffer nerve容量感受器 volume receptor防御反应defence reaction肾素-血管紧张素系统renin-angiotensin system循环系统平均充盈压mean circulatory filling pressure血管紧张素转换酶angiotensin-
