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1、2019年高考英语语法必考考点（6）：动词及动词短语含解析李仕才【考点解读】动词和动词短语是历年高考单项填空考查的核心热点，每年必考，一般占12道题。设题时往往都是给出四个不同的动词或动词短语(有时是同一动词与不同介词或副词的搭配)来测试考生在具体语境中对动词及动词短语意义的理解和实际运用能力。动词及动词短语的考查点多面广，综合性强，备受命题者青睐。考点一、考查动词词义辨析这类试题的四个选项是在结构上都很相近的动词。要做好这类试题，必须明确各个动词的词义和用法，然后根据题意需要选用合适的动词。如：Recently, these companies have _ some workers bec
2、ause of the drop in economy.A. hired B. dismissed C. refused D. employed【答案】B【解析】四个选项都是及物动词，且都可以与worker构成动宾关系，但从题干中的the drop in economy可知，只有B项符合题意。考点二、 考查近义动词辨析这类试题的四个选项无论在意义上还是在结构上都是很相近的动词。面对这类试题，必须要从四个动词的语义差别、用法特点等入手才能选出符合题意的动词。如：When his brother was to cross the street, he was knocked down by a t
3、ruck and badly _。A. injured B damagedC. harmed D. destroyed【答案】A考点三、考查动词与其宾语的固定搭配英语中有许多动词与其宾语有固定的搭配和习惯用法。碰到这类试题时，解答的关键是弄清题意，然后根据题意选择符合固定搭配或习惯用法的动词。如：With modern equipment, many mysteries have _ to light in recent years.A. bought B. come C. thrown D. appeared【答案】B【解析】题意为“由于有现代化的设备，近年来许多谜团被揭开”。“揭露，将曝光
4、”是come to light，故答案为B。考点四、考查同根动词短语的辨析这类试题的四个选项都是由同一个动词加不同的介词或副词构成。从历年高考试题来看，那些搭配能力强、语义丰富的常用动词短语是命题的重点对象。解答这类试题时，一定要在理解语境的基础上，从语义逻辑、固定搭配、前后关系等角度去确定答案。如：How I wish that I could _ my ideas in simple and wonderful English when chatting on the net.A. set out B. set offC. set in D. set up【答案】A考点五、考查同根介词或副
5、词的动词短语的辨析这类试题的四个选项是由不同的动词加相同的介词或副词构成。解答这类试题的关键首先还是弄清题意，然后选出符合题意和句子结构需要的动词短语。如：1. When I was twenty, I had to _ before graduation and work in a clothes shop to help support my family. A. drop out B. come out C. leave out D. stay out【答案】A【解析】分析题意为“在20岁时，我不得不辍学到一家服装店工作以帮助养活我的家人。”从题意可知，空缺处应该是“辍学”之意，四个选项
6、中，只有A项的drop out有此意，故答案为A。2. Take care during the holidays! Drinking too much can _ heart disease and cause high blood pressure.A. contribute to B. relate to C. attend to D. devote to【答案】A【解析】分析题意为“节日期间要当心!喝酒太多会导致心脏病和引起高血压。”由题意可知，空缺处应该是“导致”之意，四个选项中，只有A项contribute to有此意，故答案为A。考点六、考查不同动词构成的动词短语的辨析这类试题的
7、四个选项是由四个不同的动词构成的动词短语。解答这类试题的关键是根据题干意思，选出符合题意的动词短语。如：The society today offers the young generation more chances to _ their talent and skills.A. give out B. take inC. show off D. carry on【答案】C【真题分析】一、单项选择1. (2018天津卷) It took him a long time to_ the skills he needed to become a good dancer.A. display B
8、. acquire C. teach D. test【答案】B【解析】考查动词词义辨析及语境理解。句意：他花了很长时间才获得了成为一名优秀舞蹈家所需的技能。A display显示；B. acquire获得；C. teach教；D. test测试。故选B。2. (2018天津卷) At first Robert wouldnt let his daughter go diving, but eventually he_ as she was so confidence about her skills.A. gave in B. dressed up C. broke in D. turned
9、up【答案】A【解析】考查动辨析及语境理解。句意：起初，罗伯特不愿让他女儿去潜水，但最终他让步了因为她对她的技能是如此的有把握。A. gave in屈服，让步；B. dressed up打扮；C. broke in I闯入；打断；D. turned up出现。根据转折词but及原因 as she was so confident about her skills可知最终他让步了。故选A3. (2018江苏卷) DevelopingtheYangtzeRiverEconomicBeltisasystematicprojectwhich_ a clear road map and timetabl
10、e.A. callsfor B. callson C. callsoff D. callsup【答案】A【解析】考查动词短语词义辨析及语境理解。句意：发展长江经济带是一项需要清晰的路线图和时间表的系统工程。A. calls for需要；B. calls on号召；C. calls off取消；D. calls up使想起。故选A。4. (2018江苏) Kidsshouldnthaveaccesstoviolentfilmsbecausetheymight_ thethingsthey see.A. indicate B. investigate C. imitate D. innovate【
11、答案】C5. (2017天津卷) Mr. and Mrs. Brown would like to see their daughter _, get married, and have kids.A. settled down B. keep off C. get up D. cut in【答案】A【解析】考查动词短语。句意：布朗先生和夫人想要看到他们的女儿安顿下来，结婚生子。A.安顿下来；B远离；C起床；D嘴。根据句意，故选A。6. (2017江苏卷) A quick review of successes and failures at the end of year will help
12、 _ your year ahead.A. shape B. switch C. stretch D. sharpen【答案】A【解析】考查动词的辨析。A. shape塑造，决定的形成，影响的发展；B. switch转变，交换，调班；C. stretch拉长，拉紧，伸展，伸长，延伸消耗；D. sharpen提高，使尖锐，变得清晰。句意：快速回顾一年的成败将会决定来年的发展。故选A。7. (2017江苏卷) Working with the medical team in Africa has _ the best in her as a doctor.A. held out B. brough
13、t out C. picked out D. given out【答案】B【解析】考查动词短语辨析。held out坚持；提供机会；伸出手；B. brought out使显现，阐明，出版；C. picked out使容易看见，找出精心挑选，认出来；D. given out用完，停止运行，分发，发出，公布。句意：在非洲同医疗队一起工作已经使她表现出了作为医生最好的一面。这里取“使显现”之意，故选B。9. (2016江苏卷) _ He did noteasily, but was willing to accept any constructive advice for a worthy caus
14、e.A. approachB.wrestleC.compromiseD.communicate【答案】C【解析】考查动词辨析。动词approach靠近，接近；wrestle摔跤，斗争，努力解决；compromise妥协；和解；让步；communicate交流；句意：他并容易妥协，但是对于正义的事业，他愿意接受任何建设性的建议。根据句意可知C项正确。10. (2016江苏卷) Parents should actively urge their children to _the opportunity to join sports teams.A. gain admission to B. keep track of C. take advantage of D. give rise to【答案】C二、单句填空1(2015江苏卷)The university started some new language programs to cater _the countrys Silk Road Economic Belt.【答案】for【解析】句意：为了满足国家丝绸之路经济带发展的要求，这所大学开设了一些新的语言项目。cater for“满足需要，迎合”。2(2
